Perfil clínico de pacientes com Síndrome de Fournier em um hospital terciário / Clinical profile of patients with Fournier's Syndrome in a tertiary hospital

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Fournier consiste em uma fasciite necrosante que afeta tecido subcutâneo e pele do períneo e genitais externos. Caracterizada como uma urgência cirúrgica, seu tratamento é baseado em três pilares: debridamento de tecidos necróticos e infectados; controle sistêmico e antibioticoterapia; e reparação dos tecidos afetados. OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil clínico de pacientes diagnosticados com Síndrome de Fournier em um hospital de urgências. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e de abordagem quantitativa. A amostra consistiu de pacientes diagnosticados com Síndrome de Fournier acompanhados pela comissão de curativos do hospital no período de agosto de 2016 a agosto de 2017, que receberam alta ou foram a óbito. RESULTADOS: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 14 pacientes, sendo em sua totalidade pacientes do sexo masculino, entre 21 e 82 anos e idade média de 55 anos. Em 50% dos casos, foi necessário internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Quanto ao desfecho, 78,6% (11) receberam alta hospitalar e 21,4% (3) evoluíram para óbito. CONCLUSÃO: A assistência a pacientes com Síndrome de Fournier ocorre de forma despadronizada, o que ocasiona altas taxas de mortalidade. A elaboração de protocolos específicos é necessária.

INTRODUCTION: Fournier's Syndrome consists of a necrotizing fasciitis that affects subcutaneous tissue and skin of the perineum and external genitalia. Characterized as a urological urgency, its treatment is based on three pillars: debridement of necrotic and infected tissues; systemic control and antibiotic therapy; and repair of the affected tissues. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with Fournier's Syndrome in an emergency hospital. METHODS: This is a descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study. The sample consisted of patients diagnosed with Fournier's Syndrome and attended by the hospital curative committee from August 2016 to August 2017, who were discharged or died. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 14 medical records, all of them were male, aged between 21 and 82 years and mean age of 55 years. In 50% of the cases admittance to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was necessary. Regarding the outcome, 78.6% (11) were discharged from hospital and 21.4% (3) died. CONCLUSION: Assistance to patients with Fournier Syndrome is poorly standardized, resulting in high mortality rates. Development of specific protocols is necessary.

¿Se puede prevenir el parto prematuro por infección bacteriana ascendente y sus resultados adversos en los hospitales públicos de Chile? / Can preterm birth be prevented from ascending bacterial infection and its adverse results in the public hospitals of Chile?

Resumen El parto prematuro (PP) es el principal contribuyente de la morbilidad/mortalidad perinatal. A pesar del conocimiento de los factores de riesgo y de la introducción de intervenciones médicas destinadas a la prevención del nacimiento prematuro, su frecuencia ha aumentado. La infección bacteriana ascendente (IBA) es la condición obstétrica más frecuente asociada al PP ocasionando un importante resultado perinatal adverso en un hospital público de Chile. Esta revisión muestra la asociación entre PP e IBA, analiza la fisiopatología y la inmunología de las infecciones vaginales en la mujer embarazada susceptible, como asimismo la aplicación en este grupo de medidas con evidencia clínica que han demostrado ser eficientes, tales como la pesquisa rutinaria y el tratamiento de las infecciones genitourinarias (IGU), el cerclaje profiláctico o terapéutico, uso de probióticos, de progesterona vaginal, control metabólico de la diabetes mellitus y del peso de la obesa. El tratamiento de las IGU, conjuntamente con el uso de intervenciones que mejoran la inmunidad vaginal en la población de riesgo, permiten predecir una reducción del PP por IBA, de sus consecuencias inmediatas y de largo plazo y costos asociados elevados, con el consiguiente beneficio de la salud pública de Chile.

Preterm birth (PB) is the main contributor to the perinatal morbidity/mortality. In spite of the knowledge of the risk factors and the introduction of medical interventions intended to prevent PB, its frequency has increased. Ascending bacterial infection (ABI) is the obstetric condition most frequently associated to PB causing an important adverse perinatal outcome in a public hospital in Chile. This review shows the association between PB and ABI, analyzes the physiopathology and immunology of vaginal infections in the susceptible pregnant woman., as well as their application in this group of effective measures demonstrated by evidence, such as routine control, treatment of genitourinary tract infections (GTI), prophylactic or therapeutic cerclage, use of probiotics, use of vaginal progesterone, metabolic control of diabetes mellitus and weight of the obese woman. Treatment GTI together with the use of medical interventions that improve the vaginal immunity in the risk population allow to predict a reduction of PB by ABI and of its immediate consequences, long term sequels and high associated costs, with the consequent benefit of the public health in Chile.

Relationships between female infertility and female genital infections and pelvic inflammatory disease: a population-based nested controlled study

OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to examine the associations of female genital infections and certain comorbidities with infertility. METHODS: The Taiwan National Health Research Database was searched for women with a new diagnosis of infertility between 2000 and 2013. Women without a diagnosis of infertility served as a control group and were matched with the infertility cases by age (±3 years) and index year. They were divided into two groups: ≤40 years old and >40 years old. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were employed to identify the risk factors associated with infertility. RESULTS: A total of 18,276 women with a new diagnosis of infertility and 73,104 matched controls (mean cohort age, 31±6.2 years) were included. According to the adjusted multivariate analysis, pelvic inflammatory disease involving the ovary, fallopian tube, pelvic cellular tissue, peritoneum (odds ratio (OR)=4.823), and uterus (OR=3.050) and cervical, vaginal, and vulvar inflammation (OR=7.788) were associated with an increased risk of infertility in women aged ≤40 years. In women aged >40 years, pelvic inflammatory disease of the ovary, fallopian tube, pelvic cellular tissue, and peritoneum (OR=6.028) and cervical, vaginal, and vulvar inflammation (OR=6.648) were associated with infertility. Obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, dysthyroidism, abortion (spontaneous or induced), bacterial vaginosis, endometritis, and tubo-ovarian abscess were associated with an increased risk of infertility according to the univariate analysis but not the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Female genital tract infections, but not the comorbidities studied here, are associated with an increased risk of infertility.